Many of these nonmalignant cutaneous findings are associated with abnormal follicular keratinization thought to be secondary

to abnormal signaling of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway that occurs with the use of BRAF inhibitors. Whether underlying Ras mutations affect this abnormal signaling as in malignant lesions is still unknown. Different therapeutic options exist for these patients that may result in significant improvement in some of these nonmalignant cutaneous findings. Conservative treatment should focus on topical therapies such as topical retinoids or topical steroids. However, systemic therapies such as concomitant oral retinoids or MEK inhibitors should be considered for more severe or refractory cutaneous findings. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67:1375-9.)”
“In 1996-2005. ejaculates of 2048 boars were collected. All boars were intended for use in artificial insemination or natural breeding and had two DNA Damage inhibitor descended testes. Azoospermia was present in 16 of the 1097 Yorkshire boars (1.5%) and in 2 of the 951 Landrace boars (0.2%). The

two most frequent diagnoses of azoospermia were arrested spermatogenesis at the pachytene spermatocyte stage (n = 8) and segmental aplasia of the Wolffian ducts (n = 7). Morphometric evaluations of testicular tissues of azoospermic boars were performed using an image analyzer. The morphometric evaluations revealed decreased portions and diameter of seminiferous tubule in tissue slides from the studied azoospermic boars compared with normal DAPT boars. The use of an image analyzer for morphometric evaluations of testicular tissues proved to be a good tool to characterize findings in testicular slides of azoospermic boars. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“We report the case of an 80-year-old male with relapsed EGFR exon 19 deletion lung adenocarcinoma treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), but with poor BI 6727 clinical trial response and rapid increase of serum neuron specific enolase (NSE). Repeat biopsy identified pathological transformation to small cell

lung cancers (SCLC) retaining the same EGFR mutation. This case highlights routine serological testing of NSE may benefit for the lung adenocarcinoma patients resistant to TKIs. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Oxidative stress is suggested as a contributor to the ageing process. Knowledge of the relationship between age and energy expenditure may contribute to our understanding of ageing patterns, due to the link between oxygen consumption and free radical production. However, studies on basal metabolic rate (BMR) and age have generally been cross-sectional, which may confound estimates of the age effect due to disproportionate mortality ( also known as’ selective disappearance’). We therefore performed a longitudinal study of BMR using captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) up to 5 years of age. BMR declined with age in individuals of both sexes when body mass was controlled for.